bench-
You left off remanufactured, rebuilt, and refurbished from your terminology list. Everything you listed above is "new". The situation with the axles is that they have been remanufactured or rebuilt. By definition these remanufactured parts are NOT to OEM specification in one or more ways. And it is likely that no two are identical.
Mostly I've gleened from what Ralph has said that old axles are taken apart cleaned up, imperfections are machined out by hand, new (larger) balls are fitted and the cages are clearanced by hand and reassembled. As such, this is a human process performed by individuals with various levels of care and or skill leading to varying levels of quality and tolerance---which is NOT GUIDED BY ANY KNOWN SPECIFICATION. Do the reman shops have a maximum amount of material they are willing to remove, when grinding away pitting, etc? I don't know, Ralph didn't seem to indicate based on his research.
The last claim I heard was that new axles haven't been made for 10 years. So, it really isn't realistic to think that you can disallow remanufactured parts.
So, we have a situation where:
1. Mazda didn't publish a spec.
2. Reman companies modify the original part as they see fit...including replacing the balls with larger ones, and grinding away metal as necessary.
3. Reman units don't have a published spec...and no two units are likely to be the same. It is even possible that no two bearings will be the same inside a single joint.
Which means that I:
1. Don't know what I'm supposed to have.
2. Don't know what I'm going to get...except that it won't be the same as stock.
3. Don't know how much different (worst case) it can be from stock.
4. Don't have a definition of legal / illegal by which to verify that my car is compliant or not.
So, fundamentally there is no definition of illegal. IIDSYCYC can't apply, because who is "you"? Today any axle I buy is modified by someone. Even if I have every intent to remain legal....It doesn't matter if I do the work myself or buy one modified in the same way...because I have NO WAY to determine what is legal dimensionally.
NASA has this rule to sample the field and take an average. Do we think that the NASA rule really adequately addresses the situation of the remanufactured market described above? That means that I CANNOT POSSIBLY know what the DQ standard is until AFTER the race.
How about everyone gets the following homework assignment? Go home pull out your have shafts, disassemble them, and report back tomorrow on your legal/illegal status. You owe me $1000 for each axle you are wrong on. You get nothing for being correct. I'll tell you the criteria after I get your results. Who wants to play?